Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of different resistance exercise (RE) volumes on postexercise cardiac autonomic modulation in men. Methods: Ten young men (25.5 ± 4.9 years, 24.8 ± 2.1 kg/m2) performed 3 trials of RE with 1, 2 or 3 sets (48-72 h between each trial) of 10-12 repetitions (70% of the one-maximum repetition) of bench press, leg press, and barbell row. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at the 1st and 5th minutes of recovery (fast phase) and 3 consecutive 5-minute intervals from the 5th to 20th minute of recovery (slow phase). Parasympathetic and global modulations were assessed using the SD1 and SD2 indices of HRV, respectively. The comparison of the interventions was performed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Results: Lower parasympathetic modulation was identified after 2 and 3 sets compared to 1 set in both the fast and slow recovery phases (p= 0.004-0.05). Lower global modulation was identified after 3 sets compared to 1 set in both fast and slow recovery phases (p= 0.005-0.01). No differences in post-exercise parasympathetic and global modulation were observed between 2 and 3 sets. Conclusion: We concluded that 2 and 3 sets of RE compared to 1 set promoted higher autonomic reduction on the post-exercise phase, which should be considered by coaches when prescribing an RE program for untrained participants or intend to manipulate the postexercise organic recovery.

Abstract Halitosis is defined as a foul odor emanated from the oral cavity, with great impact in quality of life and social restraints. Recently, the use of Breath Alert™ in research increased significantly. Halimeter™, another portable device, is often used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, not many studies have verified the accuracy and compared the results of both devices simultaneously. Objective: To verify the accuracy of Breath Alert™ and Halimeter™ in patients without chief complaint of halitosis, using the organoleptic test (OT) as "gold standard." The second aim was to verify whether their concomitant use could enhance the diagnostic accuracy of halitosis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed. The quality of expired air of 34 subjects without chief complaint of halitosis was assessed. Two experienced examiners carried out the OT. Afterward, a third blinded examiner performed Halimeter™ (HT) and Breath Alert™ (BA) tests. Results: The OT identified halitosis in 21 subjects (62%). The area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.67 (0.48-0.85) and 0.54 (0.34-0.75) for HT and BA, respectively. The accuracy for HT and BA was 59% and 47%, respectively. The combined usage of HT and BA provided 11 positive results, being 9 subjects (43%) out of the total of 21 positive cases. Conclusions: Halimeter™ and Breath Alert™ were not able to diagnose halitosis in non-complainer subjects at the same level as the organoleptic examination, since their accuracy were low. Our results suggest that such portable devices are not reliable tools to assess halitosis and may neglect or misdiagnose a considerable number of patients in clinical practice.

Abstract Purpose: To identify the most relevant flaws in standardization in husbandry practices and lack of transparency to report them. This review proposes some measures in order to improve transparency, reproducibility and eventually external validity in experimental surgery experiments with rat model. Methods: We performed a search of scientific articles in PUBMED data base. The survey was conducted from august 2016 to January 2017. The keywords used were "reproducibility", "external validity", "rat model", "rat husbandry", "rat housing", and the time frame was up to January 2017. Articles discarded were the ones which the abstract or the key words did not imply that the authors would discuss any relationship of husbandry and housing with the reproducibility and transparency of reporting animal experiment. Reviews and papers that discussed specifically reproducibility and data reporting transparency were laboriously explored, including references for other articles that could fulfil the inclusion criteria. A total of 246 articles were initially found but only 44 were selected. Results: Lack of transparency is the rule and not the exception when reporting results with rat model. This results in poor reproducibility and low external validity with the consequence of considerable loss of time and financial resources. There are still much to be done to improve compliance and adherence of researchers, editors and reviewers to adopt guidelines to mitigate some of the challenges that can impair reproducibility and external validity. Conclusions: Authors and reviewers should avoid pitfalls of absent, insufficient or inaccurate description of relevant information the rat model used. This information should be correctly published or reported on another source easily available for readers. Environmental conditions are well known by laboratory animal personnel and are well controlled in housing facilities, but usually neglected in experimental laboratories when the rat model is a novelty for the researcher.

ABSTRACT The human skin aging process is a complex mechanism that can be induced both by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Observations include a decrease in the biosynthetic and proliferative capacity of cells, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, reduction in collagen type I expression, and the progressive disappearance of elastic tissue in the papillary dermis. L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthesis, is involved in angiogenesis and cell proliferation, as well as an indirect precursor of collagen synthesis via the proline pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the tensile strength, histology, and immunohistochemistry of female and male mice skin receiving different concentrations of topically applied L-arginine, in order to evaluate the possibility of using L-arginine as an active cosmetic ingredient in antiaging products. The results suggest that the application of L-arginine improves the mechanical resistance of skin from older female mice (20 weeks old) and promotes the formation of a larger amount of collagen and elastic fibers in the skin when applied at a concentration of 15%.

RESUMO Manifestações orofaciais ocorrem com frequência nas doenças reumáticas e, comumente, representam sinais iniciais ou de atividade da doença que ainda são negligenciados na prática clínica. Entre as doenças reumáticas autoimunes com possíveis manifestações orais, incluem-se a artrite reumatoide (AR), miopatias inflamatórias (MI), esclerose sistêmica (ES), lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), policondrite recidivante (PR) e síndrome de Sjögren (SS). Sinais e sintomas orofaciais como hipossalivação, xerostomia, disfunções temporomandibulares, lesões na mucosa bucal, doença periodontal, disfagia e disfonia podem ser a primeira expressão dessas doenças reumáticas. Esse artigo revisa as principais manifestações orofaciais das doenças reumáticas que podem ser de interesse do reumatologista, para diagnóstico e acompanhamento das doenças reumáticas autoimunes.

ABSTRACT Orofacial manifestations occur frequently in rheumatic diseases and usually represent early signs of disease or of its activity that are still neglected in clinical practice. Among the autoimmune rheumatic diseases with potential for oral manifestations, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory myopathies (IM), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), relapsing polychondritis (RP) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) can be cited. Signs and symptoms such as oral hyposalivation, xerostomia, temporomandibular joint disorders, lesions of the oral mucosa, periodontal disease, dysphagia, and dysphonia may be the first expression of these rheumatic diseases. This article reviews the main orofacial manifestations of rheumatic diseases that may be of interest to the rheumatologist for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

O xantoma verruciforme é uma lesão rara de etiologia não determinada, que acomete, principalmente, a mucosa oral. Na maioria das vezes é assintomática, caracterizando-se por uma elevação bem-delimitada, de superfície rugosa ou papilar, e sua principal localização na boca é a gengiva. Com relação ao tamanho, a maioria das lesões não ultrapassa 2 cm no seu maior diâmetro. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso raro de extenso xantoma verruciforme em paciente do gênero masculino, de 55 anos, apresentando lesão localizada no palato duro e na gengiva palatina. Clinicamente, a lesão possuía bordas bem-destacadas, de superfície levemente granular e coloração avermelhada, com consistência elástica, medindo aproximadamente 2,8 X 1,5cm. O exame histopatológico demonstrou a presença de proliferação do epitélio de revestimento, exibindo papilomatose, paraceratose e alongamento das cristas epiteliais. Na lâmina própria, células xantomatosas com citoplasma claro e vacuolado puderam ser observadas. O paciente encontra-se livre de recidivas após 18 meses de acompanhamento clínico. De acordo com extensa pesquisa em bases de dados (pubmed, medline, lilacs), o presente caso representa uma das maiores lesões do tipo xantoma verruciforme já relatadas na literatura.

Verruciform xanthoma represents a rare disease of unknown etiology that typically affects the oral mucosa. In most cases, it is asymptomatic and characterized by a well demarcated elevation with irregular or papillary surface. The gums are the most affected oral site, and the lesion is usually less than 2 cm in diameter. The aim of this study is to report a rare case of an extensive verruciform xanthoma in the hard palate and gums of a 55-year-old male. Clinically, the well delimitated, reddish, elastic lesion measuring approximately 2.8 X 1.5 cm had a slightly granular surface. Histopathological analysis found proliferative epithelial activity with evident papillomatosis, parakeratosis, and large epithelial ridges. Xanthomatous cells with clear, vacuolated cytoplasm were detected in the lamina propria. The patient has been disease free for 18 months. According to an extensive research in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Lilacs databases, this paper describes one of the most extensive cases of verruciform xanthoma reported in the literature.

OBJETIVO: O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) quando presente em língua exibe aspecto mais infiltrativo, curso clínico agressivo e prognóstico desfavorável. Tais características podem associar-se com maior potencial metastático. O presente trabalho teve como meta investigar a expressão de β-catenina em CCE de língua e sua relação com o desenvolvimento de metástases. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 24 casos de CCE em língua e divididos em dois grupos: grupo metastático (n=12) e grupo sem metástase (n=12). Realizou-se uma análise semi-quantitativa da imunoexpressão da β-catenina no fronte invasivo tumoral e sendo considerada como negativa, positiva e fortemente positiva, atribuindo-se os escores, "0", "+" e "++", respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A expressão de β-catenina apresentou, no grupo metastático, escore "0" em 33% dos casos, escore "+" em 50% dos casos e escore "++" em 17% dos casos; e, no grupo sem metástase, escore "0" em 42% dos casos, escore "+" em 33% dos casos e escore "++" em 25% dos casos. A análise estatística não demonstrou nenhuma diferença signficativa entre a expressão da proteína nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Diante destes resultados, concluiu-se que a expressão da β-catenina não constitui um método eficaz, isoladamente, para predizer o potencial metastático do CCE em língua.

PURPOSE: It has been reported that the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in tongue shows a more infiltrative profile, aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis, which may be related to a higher metastatic potencial. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of β-catenin in OSCC of the tongue and its correlation with tumor metastasis. METHODS: Twenty four cases were selected and divided in two groups: metastatic group (n=12) and non-metastatic group (n=12). A semi-quantitative analysis of the β-catenin expression was performed in the invasive tumor front and cases were graded as follows: negative (score 0), positive (score +), and strongly positive (score ++). RESULTS: It was detected that 33%, 50% and 17% of the cases in metastatic group were scored 0, + and ++, respectively, and the non-metastatic group showed that 42% were scored "0", 33% scored + and 25% scored ++. Statistical analysis showed no diference between the studied groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the immunoexpression of β-catenin does not represent a valuable tool to predict metastatic potencial of OSCC in tongue.

OBJETIVO: este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a freqüência relativa e a distribuição das neoplasias epiteliais benignas e malignas de glândulas salivares. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte histórica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: registradas no Laboratório de Patologia e Citologia, em Aracaju-SE, no período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 1999, considerando-se as variáveis sexo, idade, tipo racial, localização anatômica e diagnóstico histopatológico. RESULTADO: Dos 162.312 casos registrados, 245 (0,15%) foram de neoplasias epiteliais de glândulas salivares, sendo 187 de natureza benigna (76,33%) e 58 (23,67%) malignas. O adenoma pleomórfico foi o tumor benigno mais identificado (89,94%) e o carcinoma adenóide cístico foi o representante maligno mais prevalente (22,41%). As neoplasias benignas ocorreram principalmente entre as 2º e 3º décadas de vida, exibindo predileção pelo sexo feminino, enquanto as malignas foram diagnosticadas entre as 6º e 7º décadas de vida, sendo as mulheres o principal alvo. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que o padrão epidemiológico das neoplasias estudadas está em consonância com a maioria da literatura pesquisada.

AIM: The aim of the present study is to establish the relative frequency and distribution of benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms of salivary glands in the Pathology and Cytology Laboratory, STUDY DESIGN: Historic cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: in the state of Sergipe, during the period 1980-1999. The neoplasms were individualized by gender, age, race of the patients, anatomic localization of the lesions and histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: Out of 162,312 registered cases, 245 were salivary gland epithelial neoplasms and 187 (76.33%) were benign and 58 (23.67%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent benign neoplasm (89.94%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma represented the most prevalent malignant neoplasm (22.41%). The benign neoplasms occurred mainly between the second and third decades of life and showed preference for female, while malignant neoplasms were diagnosed between the sixth and seventh decades of life and in women. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrated that epidemiology profile of the studied neoplasms corroborated most of the studied literature.

Os autores relatam um caso de leishmaniose cutâneomucosa em um paciente de 45 anos que foi tratado com antimonial pentavalente por 30 dias, sem haver remissão da lesão. Dez dias após essa fase do tratamento e antes de iniciar uma nova série terapêutica com a mesma droga, o paciente foi acometido por uma parada cardíaca súbita que o levou a óbito.

The authors report a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a 45-year-old patient who was unsuccessfully treated with pentavalent antimonial for 30 days. After 10 days from the initial treatment and before starting a new therapeutic regimen with the same drug the patient died due to sudden cardiac arrest.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a imunoexpressão das proteínas PCNA e p53 em carcinoma de células escamosas oral (CCEO) vislumbrando verificar uma possível correlação entre o escore de malignidade e os dados clínicos dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Selecionou-se 14 casos de CCEO e classificando-os de acordo com uma adaptação do sistema de gradação histológica de malignidade proposto por Anneroth, Batsakis, Luna, enquadrando-se 7 casos como baixo escore de malignidade (Grupo I) e 7 casos como alto escore (Grupo II). As informações dos pacientes foram coletadas através de fichas clínicas e os dados tabulados. Realizou-se, então, o estudo imuno-histoquímico utilizando anticorpos monoclonais anti-PCNA e anti-p53, obtendo-se o índice de positividade (IP) em cada caso. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se um IP médio ao PCNA de 56,0% no Grupo I e 83,8% no Grupo II. Com relação à p53 o IP médio no Grupo I e no Grupo II correspondeu, respectivamente, a 41,2% e 41,4%. A análise estatística demonstrou correlação significativa entre o índice de células PCNA positivas e o escore de malignidade. Nenhuma outra correlação foi observada. CONCLUSÕES: O maior número de células PCNA positivas correlacionou-se com elevado escore de malignidade em CCEOs, sugerindo maior atividade proliferativa nestas lesões, entretanto, tal correlação não se estabeleceu quando da análise da imunoexpressão da p53.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Analyze the relationship between PCNA and p53 protein imunoexpression, the histological grading of malignancy and the clinical features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: An immunohistochemical analysis was carried out using the streptavidin-biotin method in 14 cases of OSCC. All cases were classified according to an adaptation of the histological malignancy grading system proposed by Anneroth, Batsakis, Luna. Thus, 7 cases were classified as low score (Group I) and 7 cases as high score (Group II) of malignancy. The clinical data from the patients was obtained through their medical files and the immunohistochemical study was performed using monoclonal antibodies anti-PCNA and anti-p53. Finally, it was obtaineid the labeling index (LI) in each case. RESULTS: The LI for PCNA at Group I was 56.0% and at Group II 83.8%. The expression of p53 was similar at the studied groups with a LI of 41.2% and 41.3% at Group I and II, respectively. There was statistical correlation in PCNA values and score of malignancy. No significant correlation in the overall clinical data was verified. CONCLUSION: The high number of PCNA positive cells correlated with high score of malignancy indicates evident proliferative activity in these lesions. However, this correlation was not reached in regard to p53 expression.